Acronym Definition
FBIR Federal Bureau of Investigation (US government) Resource
FBIR Fachbereich Informatik (German: department for computer science) Resource
FBIR Faith Based Initiatives Resource
FBIR Famous But Incompetent (common slang used by militia groups) Resource
FBIR Farm Bureau Insurance Resource
FBIR Federal Building Industries Company LLC (Dubai, UAE) Resource
FBIR Federation of British Industries Resource
FBIR Feedback Information (3GPP) Resource
FBIR Ferrous Basic Integral (coating thickness gages on steel, ferrous
substrates) Resource
FBIR Fidelity, Bravery, Integrity (motto, Federal Bureau of Investigation)
Resource
FBIR Fiji Born Indian Resource
FBIR File Based Inserting Resource
FBIR Firm Believer in Islam Resource
FBIR First Baltic International Resource
FBIR Flowers By Irene (Simpsons) Resource
FBIR Fluidized Bed Incinerator Resource
FBIR Foliar Browse Index Resource
FBIR Food & Beverage Institute (Culinary Institute of America) Resource
FBIR Food Borne Illness Resource
FBIR Forbrukerinspektørene Resource
FBIR Force by Intelligence (gaming clan) Resource
FBIR Force, Magnetic (B field), Current (I) Resource
FBIR France Britain Ireland (band in Swords, Co. Dublin, Ireland) Resource
FBIR Frank's Breakfast Inn (fictional, Adventures In Odyssey) Resource
FBIR Frontier Booking International (Hollywood, CA, USA) Resource
FBIR Fubu Bodywear Incorporated Resource
FBIR Full Blooded Ilocano (Philippines from Big Island of Hawai'i) Resource
FBIR Full Blooded Indian Resource
FBIR Full Blooded Irish Resource
FBIR Full Blooded Italian Resource
FBIR Full Blooded Italians (pro wrestling) Resource
FBIR Fungi, Bacteria and Insects Resource
FBIR Fungi, Bacteria, and Invertebrate Resource
FBIR Funny Business Inc (Danish, Copenhagen, Denmark) Resource
FBIR Funny Business Incorporated (Danish website) Resource
FBIR Future Business Intercommunications Limited Resource
FBIR First Banque d'Information sur les Recherches
FBIR First Basic Individual Record
FBIR First Benefit/Investment Ratio
FBIR First Best Incremental Return
FBIR First Beta-Cell Inward Rectifier Subunit
FBIR First Biological Impact Report
FBIR First Biomedical Imaging Resource
FBIR First Biometric Identification Record
FBIR First Boulons Industriels Rouville (French)
FBIR First British Institute of Radiology
FBIR First Brother in Room
FBIR First Built in Wardrobe
FBIR First Built-in Rigid (plumbing)
FBIR First Bureau of Intelligence and Research (US State Department)
FBIR First Bureau of Internal Revenue
FBIR First Bureau of International Recycling
FBIR First Burn-In Reliability
FBIR First Business Information Records
FBIR Federal Bureau of Investigation Resource
The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the primary investigative arm of
the United States Department of Justice (DOJ), serving as both a federal
criminal investigative body and a domestic intelligence agency. At present, the
FBI has investigative jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories
of federal crimes, making the FBI the de-facto lead law enforcement agency of
the United States government. The motto of the bureau is "Fidelity, Bravery,
Integrity".
In fiscal year 2006, the FBI's total budget was approximately $8.7 billion,
including $495 million in program increases to enhance counter-terrorism,
counterintelligence, cyber crime, information technology, security, forensics,
training, and criminal programs.
It was established in 1908 as the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), and the name
was changed to the FBI in 1935.
The FBI Headquarters are in Washington, D.C., and the FBI also has 56 field
offices located in major cities throughout the United States as well as over 400
resident agencies in smaller cities and towns across the nation, and more than
50 international offices, called "Legal Attaches", in U.S. embassies worldwide.
Mission and priorities
The mission of the FBI is "To protect and defend the United States against
terrorist and foreign intelligence threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal
laws of the United States, and to provide leadership and criminal justice
services to federal, state, municipal, and international agencies and partners."
Currently, the FBI's top investigative priorities are:
Protect the United States from terrorist attack (see counter-terrorism);
Protect the United States against foreign intelligence operations and espionage
(see counter-intelligence);
Protect the United States against cyber-based attacks and high-technology crimes
(see cyber-warfare);
Combat public corruption at all levels;
Protect civil rights;
Combat transnational/national criminal organizations and enterprises (see
organized crime);
Combat major white-collar crime;
Combat significant violent crime;
Support federal, state, local and international partners; and
Upgrade technology for successful performance of the FBI's mission.
In March 2007, the top categories of lead criminal charges resulting from FBI
investigations were:
Bank robbery and incidental crimes (137 charges)
Attempt and conspiracy (102 charges)
Drugs (96 charges)
Material involving sexual exploitation of minors (68 charges)
Bank fraud (65 charges)
Mail fraud - frauds and swindles (60 charges)
Fraud by wire, radio, or television (40 charges)
Firearms; Unlawful acts (29 charges)
Conspiracy to commit offense or to defraud US (27 charges)
Assaults within maritime and territorial jurisdictions (21 charges)
Hobbs Act (21 charges)
Legal authority
An FBI Agent tags the cockpit voice recorder from EgyptAir Flight 990 on the
deck of the USS Grapple (ARS 53) at the crash site on November 13, 1999.The
FBI's mandate is established in Title 28 of the United States Code (U.S. Code),
Section 533, which authorizes the Attorney General to "appoint officials to
detect... crimes against the United States." Other federal statutes give the FBI
the authority and responsibility to investigate specific crimes.
The USA PATRIOT Act increased the powers allotted to the FBI, especially in
wiretapping and monitoring of Internet activity. One of the most controversial
provisions of the act is the so-called sneak and peek provision, granting the
FBI powers to search a house while the residents are away, and not requiring
them to notify the residents for several weeks afterwards. Under the PATRIOT
Act's provisions the FBI also resumed inquiring into the library records of
those who are suspected of terrorism (something it had supposedly not done since
the 1970s).
The FBI's chief tool against organized crime is the Racketeer Influenced and
Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. The FBI is also charged with the
responsibility of enforcing compliance of the United States Civil Rights Act of
1964 and investigating violations of the act in addition to prosecuting such
violations with the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). The FBI also
shares concurrent jurisdiction with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) in
the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
Information obtained through an FBI investigation is presented to the
appropriate US Attorney or Department of Justice (DOJ) official, who decides if
prosecution or other action is warranted.
History
With the US Supreme Court's 1886 rejection of the states' right to enforce
interstate commerce as a violation of the Constitution's commerce clause in
Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. Illinois, 118 U.S. 557, 7 S. Ct.
4, 30 L. Ed. 244, and the 1887 passage of the Interstate Commerce Act, the
Federal government suddenly found itself with a new obligation to enforce
activities between the states. The Department of Justice, which had hired few
permanent investigators since its establishment in 1870, made little effort to
relieve its staff shortage until the turn of the century, when Attorney General
Charles Joseph Bonaparte reached out to other agencies, including the Secret
Service, for investigators. But Congress forbade this use of Treasury employees
by Justice, passing a law to that effect in 1908. So the Attorney General moved
to organize a formal Bureau of Investigation (BOI), complete with its own staff
of special agents. Its jurisdiction derived from the Interstate Commerce Act of
1887. The FBI grew out of this force of Special Agents created on July 26, 1908
during the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. In 1932, it was renamed the United
States Bureau of Investigation. The following year it was linked to the Bureau
of Prohibition and rechristened the Division of Investigation (DOI) before
finally becoming the FBI in 1935.
The director of the old BOI, J. Edgar Hoover, became the first FBI director and
served for nearly 48 years. After Hoover's death, legislation was passed
limiting the tenure of future FBI directors to a maximum of ten years. The
Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory, or the FBI Laboratory, officially opened
in 1932, largely as a result of Hoover's efforts. Hoover had substantial
involvement in most cases and projects the FBI handled during his tenure.
During the so-called "war on crime" of the 1930s, FBI agents apprehended or
killed a number of notorious criminals who carried out a number of kidnappings,
robberies, and murders throughout the nation, including John Dillinger, "Baby
Face" Nelson, Kate "Ma" Barker, Alvin "Creepy" Karpis, and George "Machine Gun"
Kelly. While this campaign, as well as the campaign to build-up the FBI, was
carried out in response to a national crime wave, most historians now believe
that if there was a crime wave at all, it was grossly exaggerated during the
Great Depression.
Other activities of its early decades included a decisive role in reducing the
scope and influence of the Ku Klux Klan. Additionally, through the work of Edwin
Atherton, the FBI claimed success in apprehending an entire army of Mexican
neo-revolutionaries along the California border in the 1920s.
Lester J. Gillis, also known as "Baby Face" Nelson.Beginning in the 1940s and
continuing into the 1970s, the Bureau investigated cases of espionage against
the United States and its allies. Eight Nazi agents who had planned sabotage
operations against American targets were arrested, six of whom were executed (Ex
parte Quirin). Also during this time, a joint US/UK code breaking effort (Venona)—with
which the FBI was heavily involved—broke Soviet diplomatic and intelligence
communications codes, allowing the US and British governments to read Soviet
communications. This effort confirmed the existence of Americans working in the
United States for Soviet intelligence. Hoover was administering this project but
failed to notify the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) until 1952. Another
notable case is the arrest of Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1957. The discovery of
Soviet spies operating in the US allowed Hoover to pursue his longstanding
obsession with the threat he perceived from the American left, ranging from
Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) union organizers to
American liberals with no revolutionary aspirations whatsoever.
During the 1950s and 1960s, FBI officials became increasingly concerned about
the influence of civil rights leaders. In 1956, for example, Hoover took the
rare step of sending an open letter denouncing Dr. T.R.M. Howard, a civil rights
leader, surgeon, and wealthy entrepreneur in Mississippi who had criticized FBI
inaction in solving recent murders of George W. Lee, Emmett Till, and other
blacks in the South. The FBI carried out controversial domestic surveillance in
an operation called COINTELPRO. It aimed at investigating and disrupting
dissident political organizations within the United States, including both
militant and non-violent organizations, including the Southern Christian
Leadership Conference, a leading civil rights organization.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was a frequent target of investigation. The FBI found no
evidence of any crime, but attempted to use tapes of King involved in sexual
activity for blackmail. In his 1991 memoirs, Washington Post journalist Carl
Rowan asserted that the FBI had sent at least one anonymous letter to King
encouraging him to commit suicide.
When President John F. Kennedy was shot and killed, the jurisdiction fell to the
local police departments until President Lyndon B. Johnson directed the FBI to
take over the investigation. To ensure that there would never be any more
confusion over who would handle homicides at the federal level, Congress passed
a law that put investigations of deaths of federal officials within FBI
jurisdiction.
After the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO Act) took
effect, the FBI began investigating the former Prohibition organized groups,
which by now become fronts for crime in major cities and even small towns. All
of the FBI work was done undercover and from within these organizations using
the provisions provided in the RICO Act and these groups were dismantled.
Although Hoover initially denied the existence of a close-knit organized crime
network in the United States, the Bureau later conducted operations against
known organized crime syndicates and families, including those headed by Sam
Giancana and John Gotti. The RICO Act is still used today for all organized
crime and any individuals that might fall under the Act.
J. Edgar Hoover, FBI Director (1924–1972)In 1984, the FBI formed an elite SWAT
team to help with problems that might arise at the 1984 Summer Olympics,
particularly terrorism and major-crime. The formation of the team arose from the
1972 Summer Olympics at Munich, Germany when terrorists murdered Israeli
Athletes. The team was named Hostage Rescue Team (HRT) and acts as the FBI lead
for SWAT related procedures and all counter terrorism cases. Also formed in 1984
was the Computer Analysis and Response Team (CART). The end of the 1980s and the
early part of the 1990s saw the reassignment of over 300 agents from foreign
counter intelligence duties to violent crime and the designation of violent
crime as the sixth national priority. But with reduced cuts to other
well-established departments, and because terrorism was not longer considered a
threat after the end of the Cold War, the FBI became a tool of local police
forces for tracking fugitives who had crossed state lines, which was a felony.
The FBI Laboratory also helped develop DNA testing, continuing the pioneering
role in identification that began with its fingerprinting system in 1924.
Between 1993 and 1996, the FBI increased its counter-terrorism role in the wake
of the first 1993 World Trade Center bombing in New York, New York and the
Oklahoma City bombing in 1995, and the arrest of the Unabomber in 1996.
Technological innovation and the skills of FBI Laboratory analysts helped ensure
that all three of these cases were successfully prosecuted, but the FBI was also
confronted by a public outcry in this period, which still haunts it today. After
Congress passed the Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA,
1994), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPA, 1996), and
the Economic Espionage Act (EEA, 1996), the FBI followed suit and underwent a
technological upgrade in 1998, just as it did with its CART team in 1991.
Computer Investigations and Infrastructure Threat Assessment Center (CITAC) and
the National Infrastructure Protection Center (NIPC) were created to deal with
the increase in Internet-related problems, such as computer viruses, worms, and
other malicious programs that might unleash havoc in the US. With these
developments, the FBI increased its electronic surveillance in public safety and
national security investigations, adapting to how telecommunications
advancements changed the nature of such problems.
Within months of the September 11, 2001 attacks, FBI Director Robert Mueller,
who was only sworn in three days before the attacks, called for a re-engineering
of FBI structure and operations. In turn, he made countering every federal crime
a top priority, including the prevention of terrorism, countering foreign
intelligence operations, addressing cyber security threats, other high-tech
crimes, protecting civil rights, combating public corruption, organized crime,
white-collar crime, and major acts of violent crime.
Organization
J. Edgar Hoover Building, FBI Headquarters
FBI Mobile Command Center, Washington Field OfficeThe FBI is headquartered at
the J. Edgar Hoover Building in Washington, D.C., with 56 field offices in major
cities across the United States. The FBI also maintains over 400 resident
agencies across the United States, as well as over 50 legal attachés at United
States embassies and consulates. Many specialized FBI functions are located at
facilities in Quantico, Virginia, as well as in Clarksburg, West Virginia. The
FBI is in process of moving its Records Management Division, which processes
FOIA requests, to Winchester, Virginia.
The FBI Laboratory, established with the formation of the BOI, did not appear in
the J. Edgar Hoover Building until its completion in 1974. The lab serves as the
primary lab for most DNA, biological, and physical work. Public tours of FBI
headquarters ran through the FBI laboratory workspace before the move to the J.
Edgar Hoover Building. The services the lab conducts include Chemistry, Combined
DNA Index System (CODIS), Computer Analysis and Response, DNA Analysis, Evidence
Response, Explosives, Firearms and Tool marks, Forensic Audio, Forensic Video,
Image Analysis, Forensic Science Research, Forensic Science Training, Hazardous
Materials Response, Investigative and Prospective Graphics, Latent Prints,
Materials Analysis, Questioned Documents, Racketeering Records, Special
Photographic Analysis, Structural Design, and Trace Evidence. The services of
the FBI Laboratory are used by many state, local, and international agencies
free of charge. The lab also maintains a second lab at the FBI Academy.
The FBI Academy, located in Quantico, Virginia, is home to the communications
and computer laboratory the FBI utilizes. It is also where new agents are sent
for training to become FBI Special Agents. Going through the twenty-one week
course is required for every Special Agent. It was first opened for use in 1972
on 385 acres (1.6 km2) of woodland. The Academy also serves as a classroom for
state and local law enforcement agencies who are invited onto the premiere law
enforcement training center. The FBI units that reside at Quantico are the Field
and Police Training Unit, Firearms Training Unit, Forensic Science Research and
Training Center, Technology Services Unit (TSU), Investigative Training Unit,
Law Enforcement Communication Unit, Leadership and Management Science Unit's (LSMU),
Physical Training Unit, New Agents' Training Unit (NATU), Practical Applications
Unit (PAU), the Investigative Computer Training Unit and the "College of
Analytical Studies."
The Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division, located in
Clarksburg, West Virginia. It is the youngest division of the FBI only being
formed in 1991 and opening in 1995. The complex itself is the length of three
football fields. Its purpose is to provide a main repository for information.
Under the roof of the CJIS are the programs for the National Crime Information
Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), Fingerprint Identification,
Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), NCIC 2000, and
the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS). Many state and local
agencies use these systems as a source for their own investigations and
contribute to the database using secure communications. FBI provides these tools
of sophisticated identification and information services to local, state,
federal, and international law enforcement agencies.
The FBI often works in conjunction with other Federal agencies, including the
United States Coast Guard and Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) in seaport
security, and the National Transportation Safety Board in investigating airplane
crashes and other critical incidents. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
is the only other agency with the closest amount of investigative power. In the
wake of the September 11, 2001 attacks, the FBI maintains a role in most federal
criminal investigations.
The FBI is organized in the following manner.
National Security Branch
Counterintelligence Division
Counterterrorism Division
Directorate of Intelligence
Criminal Investigations Branch
Criminal Investigative Division
Cyber Division
Law Enforcement Services Branch
Criminal Justice Information Services Division
Critical Incident Response Group
Laboratory Division
Office of International Operations
Office of Law Enforcement Coordination
Operational Technology Division
Training & Development Division
Administration Branch
Administrative Services Division
Facilities & Logistics Services Division
Finance Division
Records Management Division
Security Division
Office of the Chief Information officer
Information Technology Operations Division
Office of IT Policy & Planning
Office of IT Program Management
Office of IT Systems Development
BOI and FBI directors
M List of FBI Directors
FBI Directors are appointed by the President of the United States. They must be
confirmed by the United States Senate and serve ten-year terms. J. Edgar Hoover,
appointed by Calvin Coolidge in 1924, was by far the longest-serving FBI
Director, serving until his death in 1972. In 1968, Congress passed legislation
as part of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act Pub.L. 90-351, June
19, 1968, 82 Stat. 197 that specified a 10-year term limit for future FBI
Directors, as well as requiring Senate confirmation of appointees. As the
incumbent, this legislation did not apply to Hoover, only to his successors. The
current FBI Director is Robert Mueller, who was appointed in 2001 by George W.
Bush.
The FBI director is responsible for the day-to-day operations at the FBI. Along
with his deputies, the director makes sure cases and operations are handled
correctly. The director also is in charge of making sure the leadership in any
one of the FBI field offices are manned with qualified agents. Before the
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act was passed in the wake of the
September 11, 2001 attacks, the FBI director would brief the President of the
United States on any issues that arise from within the FBI. Since then, the
director now reports to the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) who in turn
reports to the President.
Hiring process
Agents in training on the FBI Academy firing rangeWhile the exact process and
details are classified, the process of becoming an employee of the FBI is
arduous. At a minimum, FBI employees require a Top Secret (TS) security
clearance, and in many instances, employees need a higher level, TS/SCI
clearance. In order to get a security clearance, all potential FBI personnel
must pass a series of Single Scope Background Investigations (SSBI), which are
conducted by the Office of Personnel Management. Special Agents candidates also
have to pass a rigorous Physical Fitness Test (PFT) that includes a 300-meter
run, one-minute sit-ups, maximum push-ups, and a 1.5 mile (2.4 km) run. There is
also a random drug test all FBI personnel have to pass in order to become an
agent. In addition to the drug test, there is a polygraph test personnel have to
pass, with questions including possible drug use. After potential special agent
candidates are cleared with TS clearance and the Form SF-312 non-disclosure
agreement is signed, they attend the FBI training facility located on Marine
Corps Base Quantico in Virginia. Candidates spend approximately 21 weeks at the
FBI Academy, where they receive over 500 classroom hours and over 1000 simulated
law enforcement hours to train. Upon graduation, new FBI Special Agents are
placed all around the country and the world, depending on their areas of
expertise. Professional support staff works out of one of the many support
buildings the FBI maintains. However, any Agent or Support staff member can be
transferred to any location for any length of time if their skills are deemed
necessary at one of the FBI field offices or one of the 400 resident agencies
the FBI maintains.
As of October 31, 2006, the FBI had a total of 30,762 employees. That includes
12,659 special agents and 18,009 support staff, such as intelligence analysts,
language specialists, scientists, information technology specialists, and other
professionals.
Publications
The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin is published monthly by the FBI Law Enforcement
Communication Unit, with articles of interest to state and local law enforcement
personnel. First published in 1932 as Fugitives Wanted by Police, the FBI Law
Enforcement Bulletin covers topics including law enforcement technology and
issues, such as crime mapping and use of force, as well as recent criminal
justice research, and Vi-CAP alerts, on wanted suspects and key cases.
The FBI also publishes some reports for both law enforcement personnel as well
as regular citizens covering topics including law enforcement, terrorism,
cybercrime, white-collar crime, violent crime, and statistics. However, the vast
majority of Federal government publications covering these topics are published
by the Office of Justice Programs agencies of the United States Department of
Justice, and disseminated through the National Criminal Justice Reference
Service.
Crime statistics
The badge of an FBI Special Agent
Uniform Crime Reports
M Uniform Crime Reports
The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile data from over 17,000 law enforcement
agencies across the country. They provide detailed data regarding the volume of
crimes to include arrest, clearance (or closing a case), and law enforcement
officer information. The UCR focuses its data collection on violent crimes, hate
crimes, and property crimes. Created in the 1920s, the UCR system has not proven
to be as uniform as its name implies. The UCR data only reflect the most serious
offense in the case of connected crimes and has a very restrictive definition of
rape. Since about 93% of the data submitted to the FBI is in this format, the
UCR stands out as the publication of choice as most states require law
enforcement agencies to submit this data.
Preliminary Annual Uniform Crime Report for 2006 was released on June 4, 2006.
The report shows violent crime offenses rose 1.3%, but the number of property
crime offenses decreased 2.9% compared to 2005.
National Incident Based Reporting System
M National Incident Based Reporting System
The National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) crime statistics system
aims to address limitations inherent in UCR data. The system used by law
enforcement agencies in the United States for collecting and reporting data on
crimes. Local, state, and federal agencies generate NIBRS data from their
records management systems. Data is collected on every incident and arrest in
the Group A offense category. The Group A offenses are comprised of 46 specific
crimes grouped in 22 offense categories. Specific facts about these offenses are
gathered and reported in the NIBRS system. In addition to the Group A offenses,
eleven Group B offenses are reported with only the arrest information. The NIBRS
system is in greater detail than the summary-based UCR system. As of 2004, 5,271
law enforcement agencies submitted NIBRS data. That amount represents 20% of the
United States population and 16% of the crime statistics data collected by the
FBI. 801221-12-5043
Media portrayal
M FBI portrayal in the media
Any author, television scriptwriter, or producer may consult with the FBI about
closed cases or their operations, services, or history. The FBI does not edit,
approve their work, or do any special consulting. Some authors, television
programs, or motion picture producers offer reasonably accurate presentations of
the FBI's responsibilities, investigations, and procedures in their story lines,
while others present their own interpretations or introduce fictional events,
persons, or places for dramatic effect.
Criticism
The FBI has endured public criticism and internal conflict in the past decade.
As the FBI attempts to modernize technologically to take on a greater
counter-terrorism role, there have been times where the FBI is scrutinized.
Most of the recent controversies in the FBI have been involved with "terrorist"
organizations or "operational" mishaps. In the early and late 1990s, its role in
the Ruby Ridge and Waco incidents caused an uproar in how tactics where handled.
During the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia, the FBI was also criticized
for its investigation on the Centennial Olympic Park bombing. It has recently
settled a dispute with Richard Jewell, who was a private security guard at the
venue, along with the media organizations, from leaking his name during the
investigation. In the 1990s, it turned out that the fingerprint unit of the
FBI's crime lab had repeatedly done shoddy work. In some cases, the technicians,
given evidence that actually cleared a suspect, reported instead that it proved
the suspect guilty. Many cases had to be reopened when this pattern of errors
was discovered.
In 2000, the FBI began the Trilogy project to upgrade its outdated IT
infrastructure. This project, originally scheduled to take three years and cost
around $380 million, ended up going far over budget and behind schedule. Efforts
to deploy modern computers and networking equipment were generally successful,
but attempts to develop new investigation software, outsourced to SAIC, were a
disaster. Virtual Case File, or VCF, as the software was known, was plagued by
poorly defined goals, and repeated changes in management. In January 2005, more
than two years after the software was originally planned for completion, the FBI
officially abandoned the project. At least $100 million (and much more by some
estimates) was spent on the project, which was never operational. The FBI has
been forced to continue using its decade-old Automated Case Support system,
which is considered woefully inadequate by IT experts. In March 2005, the FBI
announced it is beginning a new, more ambitious software project code-named
Sentinel expected for completion by 2009.
In February 2001, Robert Hanssen was caught selling information to the Russians.
It was later learned that Hanssen, who had reached a high position within the
FBI, had been selling intelligence since as early as 1979. He pleaded guilty to
treason and received a life sentence in 2002, but the incident led many to
question the security practices employed by the FBI. There was also a claim that
Robert Hanssen might have contributed information that led to the September 11,
2001 attacks.
The 9/11 Commission's final report on July 22, 2004 stated that the FBI and CIA
were both partially to blame for not pursuing intelligence reports which could
have prevented the September 11, 2001 attacks. In its most condemning
assessment, the report concluded that the country had "not been well served" by
either agency and listed numerous recommendations for changes within the FBI.
While the FBI has acceded to most of the recommendations, including oversight by
the new Director of National Intelligence, some former members of the 9/11
Commission publicly criticized the FBI in October 2005, claiming it was
resisting any meaningful changes.
On July 8, 2007 the Washington Post published excerpts from UCLA Professor Amy
Zegart's forthcoming book entitled Spying Blind: The CIA, the FBI, and the
Origins of 9/11 . The article reported that government documents show the CIA
and FBI missed 23 potential chances to disrupt the terrorist attacks of
September 11, 2001. The primary reasons for these failures included: agency
cultures resistant to change and new ideas; inappropriate incentives for
promotion; and a lack of cooperation between the FBI, CIA and the rest of the
United States Intelligence Community. The article went on to also blame the
FBI's decentralized structure which prevented effective communication and
cooperation between different FBI offices. The article also claimed that the FBI
has still not evolved into an effective counterterrorism or counterintelligence
agency, due in large part to deeply ingrained cultural resistance to change
within the FBI. For example, FBI personnel practices continue to treat all staff
other than Special Agents as support staff, categorizing Intelligence Analysts
alongside the FBI's auto mechanics and janitors.
FBI files on specific persons
It is possible to obtain a copy of an FBI file on yourself, on a living person
who gives you permission to do so, or on a deceased individual through the U.S.
Freedom of Information Act. The FBI has generated files on numerous celebrities
including Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, John Denver, Groucho Marx, MC5, Lou
Costello, Sonny Bono, Mickey Mantle, and Gene Autry.[
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More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is
set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where
players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG,
there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form
alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build
characters' skills.
Trik.com continues IJFG.com's
success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at
Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best
MMO RPG site(s) or raise your site in the rankings. Trik.com also has a
viciously competitive Arcade. If you want to be the #1 Arcade on Trik, then come
prove yourself at Trik.com arcade:
Trik arcade. Trik.com – Trik.com/topsite – Trik.com/forum/arcade.php
With the rising popularity of
commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to
run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the
original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server
has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the
original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is
available.
Ultima Online was one of the first
large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose
very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to
which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta
stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server
emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX,
which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because
its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively
early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape
implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own
private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at
Trik- The Master of Private Server.
Another useful site is
Rune Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading,
account exchange, gold for real life cash and many services. It includes tips on
how to avoid getting lured/scammed while using the marketplace. For programming,
visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP,
Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and
fun stuff.
A defining moment in internet
gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an
ultimate game forum, which they named
hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community,
and the highest quality of information. Currently Hygo.com has entered a new
phase...Hygo.com is offering the best private server game. With thousands of
members, Hygo.com is your next place to visit, as they have an amazing game with
a community and economy.
Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you want to join right
now!
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